IRON deficiency is one of the most extensive nutritional problems in the world, especially in developing countries and among low-income populations, although it is present in every country.

Thus, it is worth repeating that from an early age to old age, any deficiency should be treated with priority.

The reduction of iron intake in a daily diet leads to a gradual reduction in its levels in the body, with the consequent appearance of anemia called ferropexia. If this condition is not reversed, iron deficiency anemia may compromise psycho-motor development and cognitive abilities during growth stages.

Iron in the body is found in diverse elements or substances (compounds) where hemoglobin possesses between 65 and 705 of the total. It is stored in two ways: ferritin and hemosiderin. In the first instance, a reduction in deposits occurs, not yet associated with clinical symptoms of anemia, where the body increases absorption of this element if its supply through eating is adequate.

If not, the shortage is accentuated with a decrease in diverse compounds responsible for its transport, showing itself only through biochemical determinations.

Finally, when the iron deficit gives rise to a decrease in hemoglobin production, ferropectic anemia occurs, principally manifested through paleness of the skin and mucous membranes; unusual tiredness; lack of appetite and decreased abilities or performance in school or work. The body needs iron to generate hemoglobin, the protein complex that transports oxygen through the blood, and to build enzymes like cytochromes, which act as catalysts in order to produce energy in cells.

Iron is so important that the human body has developed strategies to conserve it. Excess iron is enclosed by a protein called ferritin and stored in bone marrow, the liver and the spleen. When tired, the body resorts to this reserve.

Likewise, except when we bleed, iron is only eliminated from the body in miniscule quantities. That is why women are at risk of anemia during menstruation. Men are most at risk for iron overload, which can lead to diabetes, arthritis, cancer of the liver, heart problems and other organ disorders.

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